【沈娟】“物理”一包養還是“事理”？——作為實學的朱子“格物”論

1. Introduction: Social law and other

The Doctrine of the Mean says: “A close observation of literature and theory is enough to be different.” This sentence is used to describe Zhu Xi, a great scholar of a generation, and it is no longer appropriate. Zhu Zi is a person who is very considerate and willing to be serious. No matter whether he is learning or in the area, he can observe all things in a close manner and achieve great success. It is not necessary to open up its subtle and in-depth thinking system, nor do you need to say that he is advancing and retreating from the outside, and strictly abide by the self-cultivation and effectiveness of the defense of profit. From the so-called merit or practical perspective, Zhu Zi must be in charge of his politics.He asked for practical things, followed by his own actions, and did not avoid details, so he was not href=”https://twbabyhoney520.org/”>Baoqing Station Chief was a radio station officer in his life. He spent his life in the ancestral homes and spent his days in the department. He only occasionally went out to work as a three or four office officials, but he was a county magistrate (Zhao Kang Army and Zhangzhou), or a supervisor (Two Zhejiang East Road Changping Road, Changping The envoy, the envoy of Hunan South Road, was responsible for rescuing the desert, resolutely rectifying the bad policies, reinvigorating the illegitimate affairs, encouraging the books and supporting the responsibilities, and the imperial court was very responsible for the effectiveness of its governance. At that time, the imperial court was also judged by the effectiveness of its governance. For example, Huang Mian’s “Zhu Xi’s Actions” and this year all said, “The order of its facilities is in line, and people have recorded it as a law” [1].

However, it is more worth mentioning that even if Zhu Zi retreated at home, he was concerned about the temple and his family. In the previous article, Zhu Zi’s Complete Books included a large number of letters from Zhu Zi. During his lifetime, he had contacts with almost every priest after the Southern Song Dynasty. Some of them were quite complicated and close (such as Chen Junqing, Liu Zheng, Zhou Bida, etc.), which was based on discussing the current affairs such as the recovery of the plan. In addition to going to Ning’an, Ke’an, Yanzheng, etc., the court hired personnel and gave up the dethrone, and he could inform the court of the main memorials and courts in a timely manner, and often provided suggestions and guidance to the court, and also studied the contents of the book letters. Zhu Zi also frequently contacted the office of the center and sent it to the office. When Emperor Gaozong passed away, although he was in charge of the family, he wrote the “Statement of the Emperor and the Subjects” to discuss the regular service system[2]; when he served in the Nankang Army, Zhangzhou and Tanzhou, he frequently discussed the discussion of the establishment of the founding officials, hoping to go to all prefectures and counties across the country to carry out their work; and more officials from various counties and counties had communication with Zhu Zi. Among these letters, the department discusses academic issues, but more often, it discusses political affairs. What he participated in is such as salt law, the world, the wasteland, the land system, Xingzhou County School and Yi, the Book Academy, the construction of the Xiansheng Temple, and other matters. There are a large number of reactions in collections of essays, letters and various memorials written for people. The experiment of raising a club in Wufuli, his main experience in promoting the practice of sacrificing the family and having a great impact on future generations.

In the eighth year of Chunxi (1181), Zhu Zi was appointed as the Changping Tea and Salt Business on East Zhejiang Road. Before the time of the expedition, he reported to Lin’anting that he wrote the law of helping him to open the Wufuli Xingyuan community in the country into a detailed “Social Affairs Catalogue” [3] to the court. On the 22nd Spring Festival, the court surrendered Zhu Zi’s social law to the prefectures and counties [4], that is, to promote the implementation of the social law that Zhu Zi explored and implemented in the common people in various prefectures and counties across the country. The social practice of Wufuli was exactly when Zhu Zi lived in the countryside. Because the establishment of Ning Mansion in the fourth year of Qiandao (1168), Chong’an County Order Ge Tingrui ordered Zhu Xi and Liu Ruyu to help him pay for the money. So they sent a letter to Jianning Prefecture, and the prefect Xu Wu helped him with 600 hu of millet. The people were unable to take advantage of it, but the money was left alone.Just this time, Zhu Zi was busy outside for fifty days. After that, after receiving the rice that the sacred people have received, Zhu Zi explored helping the government and county to establish Changping. href=”https://twsweetdiary.org/honeydating/%e5%be%9e%e6%af%8f%e5%80%8b%e6%9c%88%e7%b5%a6%e6%88%9120%e8%90%ac%e7%9a%84daddy%e8%ae%8a%e6%88%90%e6%88%91%e7%9a%84%e8%80%81%e7%9a%84%e8%80%81%e 5%85%ac/”>博官网口官网站口官网站, and found that the imperial court’s vagabonds could only benefit the people of Wei Zi and the people of the county, but the whip of the deep mountains and valleys was beyond the reach, making the government’s vanishing waste into the love master In the letter written by Zhu Zi, he talked about and paid aloof news. One sentence said: “The world is weak and the customs are thin, and the heights are confused. Nothing is true, it can be ruined, it can be ruined!” [5] Another sentence said: “If the festival is about to be restored, it is largely stationery, and it is free from the slightest replenishment.” [6]. Zhu Zi’s words were still shocked tomorrow, and he was not as familiar with them. The basic officials took the supervision and inspection of the imperial envoys as the key, which made the court’s original intention of economic disasters and disasters become more and more difficult. Although Zhu Zi was staying at home at this time, he was concerned about his affairs and investigated the common people’s worries, so that he knew very well about the interests of the government. After the investigation of the study and research, it was found that the government borrowed the regular square meters from the government to borrow money to the people in the summer, and collected the rice in the winter, and then collected the rice in the summer, and collected the rice in the winter. The country with Chunde and Wanghou looked at it, forming a virtuous cycle in forty or fifty miles of a country. In the seventh year of Qiandao (1171), he used the rice produced and helped the county magistrate Shen Du to build a community in his home town, formally constructing this approach into a social system, and wrote an article “Records of Wufuli Society in Chong’an County, Jianning Prefecture” to record this incident.

 The society changed in summer and winter, and it was either in or out of the blue. By the time of Zhu Ziting’s confrontation (the eighth year of Chunxi, 1181), the Wufuli Society had been in operation for fourteen years. The result was amazing. Zhu Ziting’s confrontation was that not only did the 600 stones o